#07YouTube Video Recommendation Engine
7 / 20
YouTube logoYouTube System
HardProduct Systems
45–60 min

YouTube Video Recommendation Engine

Design YouTube's two-stage recommendation pipeline: candidate generation (filtering millions to hundreds) followed by ranking & scoring for personalized user home feeds.

Scale & Traffic500M Daily Active Users · 1B+ hours watched/day
Monthly Cloud Budget$50,000/month
Latency Target (P99)< 50ms Realtime SLA
Availability SLA99.99% Multi-AZ Active

System Requirements

  • Candidate Generation: Retrieve ~500 candidates from billions in < 20ms
  • Ranking Model: Score candidates using feature store & user telemetry
  • Near-instantaneous feedback integration when user watches or skips
  • Diverse results preventing narrow filter bubbles

Graded Constraints

01Budget within $50,000/month
02Edge CDN and API Gateway for video catalog distribution
03Stream ingestion (Kafka) for view history and interaction telemetry
04Fast feature store / cache (Redis) and Search / Embedding index
05Persistent data lake / DB for watch history and content catalog

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YouTube Video Recommendation Engine — System Design Problem | Mimir Nest